COMPENDIUM: Definities, Normaalwaarden, Variability

If you cut 500 cal/day, you may lose about 0,5 - 1 pound/week (225 g - 450 g/week).

Mayo clinics.

10 gram pure glucose will raise your blood sugar about 50 mg/dl = 2,5 mmol/L.

All over the internet

Middelbare school stuff - natuurkunde

Arbeid (product van kracht maal afgelegde weg): 1 Nm = 1 Ws = 1 J
1 joule is ongeveer de arbeid als je een 1 kg 10 cm -of 100g 1 m- optilt.
1 cal = 4,2 J
Eigenlijk horen wij voedingswaarde uit te drukken in kJ maar iedereen gebruikt de oude maat nog, kcal = 4,2 kJ.

Vermogen P = arbeid/s = energie/s [W]
Vermogen * s (hoe lang is er werk verricht) = energie [J]

Voorbeeld: Als je een kwartiertje op een fiets zit en je trapt 100 W weg, dan heb je 15*60*100 = 90.000 [J] = 90 kJ geleverd.

Dat is 90/4,2 = 21,4 kcal.

Middelbare school stuff - Wiskunde A

σ = Standaard deviatie

Coefficient of Variation: ^[1]

Variabiliteit = 100cv

Middelbare school stuff - organische scheikunde

Moleculair gewicht glucose (C6H11O6) = 180 g/mol = 0,18 g/mmol = 18 mg/mmol.

1 g (gram) glucose kan 16 kcal leveren.

1 g vet kan 9 kcal (37,6 J/g) leveren.

1 g eiwitten kan 4 kcal ( 16,7 J/g) leveren.

1 g alcohol kan 7 kcal (16,6 J/g) leveren.

In het voorbeeld van het foetsen

BLOED GLUCOSE NIVEAUS TIJDENS VASTEN

Normal               3,9<BGL< 5,6
Prediabetes 1)     5,6<BGL< 6,9
Diabetes 2)                BGL > 7
 (who.int)

1) Veranderingen in levensstijl zijn nodig en ook continue glucose monitoren.

2) Vastgesteld tijdens 2 aparte testen.

Nog wat aanvullende citaten om te laten zien dat niet alle onderzoekers hetzelfde denken:

• In individuals with normal glucose tolerance glycemia is maintained between 3,8 and 7,7. Diabetes Metab J. 2015 Aug; 39(4): 273–282.
• For adults with diabetes mean glucose < 8,6. ...CV (coefficient of variation = SD/mean * 100% ) < 33%.
• Aim for σ < 1/3 of mean glucose

Many experts look for a mean glucose of less than 154 mg/dl in adults with diabetes, which approximates to an A1C less than 7% (the target in the USA). In kids, the target is slightly higher: an A1C less than 7.5%, which corresponds to mean glucose of 170 mg/dl. Some professional organizations also advocate for lower A1C levels in adults around 6.5%.

Estimated Average Glucose:

    eAG = (28,7 * A1C[%] - 46,7) / 20 [mmol/L]

A1C = average amount glucose over the last 3 months

Glucose Management Indicator:

    GMI[%] = 3,31 + 0,02392 * eAG[mg/dL]

    GMI[mmol/mol] = 12,71 +4,70587 * eAG[mmol/L]

 

A1C [%]    eAG [mmol/L]

<5,7                   < 5,8                         gezond

5,7 - 6,4             5,8 -                          pre

>6,5                    >                              diabetes

7                         7,7

8                         9,15

9                        10,6

10                      12,0

   

https://diatribe.org/understanding-average-glucose-standard-deviation-cv-and-blood-sugar-variability Glycemic Variability: How Do We Measure It and Why Is It Important?

Nog een:

Time in Range (TIR): percentage of time that a person spends with his BGL's in a target range. 

70%.

Dat is: 16-17 uur/dag BGL <10 mg/dL en BGL > 3,9 mg/dL

1. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) generally recommends the following target blood sugar levels: Between 80 and 130 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or 4.4 to 7.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) before meals. Less than 180 mg/dL (10.0 mmol/L) two hours after meals.

Sunghwan Suh1 and Jae Hyeon Kim2

Target blood glucose levels: 6<BGL<10

With acceptable range of: 4.0 < BGL < 12.0

    Joint Br Diab Soc for Inpatient Care

GLYCEMIC INDEX (GI) is a scale, which helps in ranking the carbohydrate rich foods, depending on how they affect blood glucose levels in a span of 2 - 3 hours after having food.
The food having a higher GI breaks down quickly and shoots up your blood sugar levels rapidly. While the food having a lower GI takes a longer time to get digested and absorbed, resulting in slower and gradual changes in blood sugar levels.

(https://www.medindia.net/patients/calculators/glycemic-index.asp)

KETO

Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) = wat je noemt als je in ketosis bent

Acetoacetaat = also supply energy

Acetone = (useless) byproduct of fat metabolism